Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke ájá seramiiki bụ nke Al2O3 na SiO2, na akụkụ ịnweta nke ájá ceramiiki bụ nke corundum na akụkụ mullite, yana obere akụkụ amorphous. Ntugharị nke ájá seramiiki na-adịkarị karịa 1800 Celsius, ọ bụkwa ihe na-eme ka aluminom-silicon siri ike dị elu.
Njirimara nke ájá seramiiki
● High refractoriness;
● Obere ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye thermal;
● High thermal conductivity;
● Odidi okirikiri, obere akụkụ akụkụ, ezigbo mmiri na ike kọmpat;
● Elu dị larịị, enweghị mgbawa, enweghị mgbaka;
● Ihe na-anọpụ iche, dị mma maka ihe nkedo dị iche iche nke ígwè;
● Ihe ndị ahụ nwere ike dị elu ma ọ naghị adị mfe agbaji;
● The urughuru size nso bụ obosara, na Ịgwakọta nwere ike ahaziri dị ka usoro chọrọ.
Ngwa nke ceramic ájá na nkedo nke igwe
1. Jiri ájá seramiiki dozie veining, aja arapara, gbajiri isi na aja isi deformation nke nkedo ígwè cylinder isi.
● Silinder block na cylinder head bụ ihe nkedo kacha mkpa nke injin ahụ
● Ọdịdị nke oghere dị n'ime dị mgbagwoju anya, ihe ndị a chọrọ maka izi ezi n'ogo na ịdị ọcha nke oghere ime dị elu.
● Nnukwu ogbe
Iji hụ na nrụpụta nrụpụta na ịdị mma ngwaahịa,
● A na-ejikarị emepụta ahịrị mgbakọ na-emepụta ájá akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (karịsịa Hydrostatic styling line).
● Akpụkpọ anụ na-ejikarị igbe oyi na ájá resin kpuchie ya (shell core), ụfọdụ ájá na-ejikwa igbe ọkụ.
● N'ihi mgbagwoju anya udi nke ájá isi nke cylinder ngọngọ na isi nkedo, ụfọdụ ájá cores nwere obere cross-section mpaghara, thinnest akụkụ nke ụfọdụ cylinder blocks na cylinder isi mmiri jaket cores bụ nanị 3-3.5mm, na oghere ájá dị warara, isi ájá mgbe ọ gbasasịrị gburugburu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-agba gburugburu ruo ogologo oge, ọ na-esiri ike ihicha ájá, a na-achọkwa ngwá ọrụ nhicha pụrụ iche, wdg N'oge gara aga, a na-eji ájá silica niile mee ihe na nkedo. mmepụta, nke mere ka veins na ájá na-arapara nsogbu na nkedo jaket mmiri nke ngọngọ cylinder na isi cylinder. Nrụrụ isi na nsogbu isi agbajiri agbaji na-adịkarị ma sie ike idozi.
Iji dozie nsogbu ndị dị otú ahụ, malite na gburugburu 2010, ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nkedo engine a ma ama, dị ka FAW, Weichai, Shangchai, Shanxi Xinke, wdg, malitere nyocha na ịnwale ngwa nke ájá ceramic iji mepụta blocks cylinder. uwe mkpuchi mmiri cylinder isi, na ụzọ mmanụ. Igwe ájá nha nhata na-ewepụ ma ọ bụ belata nrụrụ nke ọma dị ka ime oghere dị n'ime, ịrapara aja, nrụrụ isi ájá, na cores gbajiri agbaji.
A na-eji ájá seramiiki mee foto ndị na-eso ya na usoro igbe oyi.
Kemgbe ahụ, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ kwalite ájá ceramic agwakọta na-ehichapụ ájá na igbe oyi na usoro igbe dị ọkụ, ma tinye ya na isi mkpuchi mkpuchi mmiri cylinder isi. Ọ nọwo na mmepụta kwụsiri ike karịa afọ 6. Ojiji a na-eji isi igbe oyi na-atụ ugbu a bụ: dị ka ọdịdị na nha nke isi ájá si dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ ájá nke seramiiki agbakwunyere bụ 30% -50%, ngụkọta nke resin agbakwunyere bụ 1.2% -1.8%, yana ike tensile bụ 2.2-2.7 MPa. (Data nyocha nke ụlọ nyocha)
Nchịkọta
Akụkụ cylinder na akụkụ nke ihe nkedo isi nwere ọtụtụ oghere dị warara dị n'ime, na oke ọkụ na-agbapụta na-adịkarị n'etiti 1440-1500 Celsius. A na-agbaji akụkụ ahụ dị mkpara nke dị n'ime ájá ahụ n'ụzọ dị mfe n'okpuru ọrụ ígwè a wụrụ awụ na-ekpo ọkụ dị elu, dị ka ígwè a wụrụ awụ na-abanye n'ime ájá ájá, ma ọ bụ na-emepụta mmeghachi omume interface na-eme ka ájá na-egbuke egbuke. The refractoriness nke seramiiki ájá dị ukwuu karịa 1800 Celsius C, ka ọ dị ugbu a, ezi njupụta nke seramiiki ájá dịtụ elu, kinetic ike nke ájá ahụ na otu dayameta na ọsọ bụ 1.28 ugboro nke silica ájá ájá mgbe agbapụ ájá, nke nwere ike. mụbaa njupụta nke cores ájá.
Uru ndị a bụ ihe kpatara iji ájá seramiiki nwere ike dozie nsogbu nke ájá na-arapara n'ime oghere nke ihe nkedo isi cylinder.
The jaket mmiri, oriri na iyuzucha akụkụ nke cylinder block na cylinder isi na-enwekarị ntụpọ veining. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke nyocha na omume nkedo egosila na isi ihe na-akpata nkwarụ veining na elu nkedo bụ mgbanwe mgbanwe nke akụkụ nke ájá silica, nke na-eme ka nrụgide okpomọkụ na-eduga na mgbawa n'elu isi ájá, nke na-akpata ígwè a wụrụ awụ. ịbanye n'ime mgbawa ahụ, ọdịdị nke veins ka ukwuu karịsịa na usoro igbe oyi. N'ezie, ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbasawanye okpomọkụ nke ájá silica dị elu dị ka 1.5%, ebe ọnụego mgbasawanye ọkụ nke ájá ceramic bụ naanị 0.13% (na-ekpo ọkụ na 1000 ° C maka nkeji 10). Ohere nke mgbawa dị ntakịrị ebe n'elu ala ájá n'ihi nrụgide mgbasawanye ọkụ. Ojiji nke ájá ceramic na isi ájá nke cylinder block na cylinder isi bụ ugbu a ngwọta dị mfe ma dị irè maka nsogbu nke veining.
Mgbagwoju anya, mkpa-walled, ogologo na warara cylinder isi mmiri jaket ájá cores na cylinder mmanụ ọwa ájá cores chọrọ elu ike (gụnyere elu okpomọkụ ike) na siri ike, na n'otu oge ahụ mkpa ịchịkwa gas ọgbọ nke isi ájá. Na omenala, a na-ejikarị usoro ájá kpuchie ya. Iji ájá ceramic na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke resin ma nweta mmetụta nke ike dị elu na obere gas ọgbọ. N'ihi ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke arụmọrụ nke resin na ájá ájá, usoro igbe oyi na-esiwanye ike dochie akụkụ nke usoro ájá a na-ekpuchi n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na-eme ka mmepụta nke ọma dịkwuo mma ma na-eme ka gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma.
2. Ngwa nke ájá ceramic iji dozie nsogbu nke ájá isi deformation nke ikpochapu ọkpọkọ
Ngwunye ihe mkpofu na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị elu ruo ogologo oge, na nguzogide oxidation nke ihe na okpomọkụ dị elu na-emetụta ndụ ọrụ nke manifolds. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, mba ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-emeziwanye ụkpụrụ ikuku nke ikuku ụgbọ ala, na ntinye nke teknụzụ catalytic na nkà na ụzụ turbocharging emeela ka okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ na-arụ ọrụ, na-eru n'elu 750 Celsius. Site n'ịkwalitewanye arụmọrụ engine, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ihe mkpofu ga-abawanye. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị ígwè nkedo na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, dị ka ZG 40Cr22Ni10Si2 (JB/T 13044), wdg, na okpomọkụ na-eguzogide okpomọkụ nke 950 ° C-1100 ° C.
A na-achọkarị oghere dị n'ime nke ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ ka ọ ghara ịdị na-enweghị mgbawa, nkwụsị oyi, nkwụsị nke ntanye, ntinye slag, wdg nke na-emetụta arụmọrụ, na ihe siri ike nke oghere dị n'ime na-achọ ka ọ ghara ịdị ukwuu karịa Ra25. N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere iwu siri ike na nke doro anya na ntụgharị nke mgbidi ọkpọkọ. Ruo ogologo oge, nsogbu nke ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi na-enweghị isi na ngbanwe dị ukwuu nke mgbidi ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ emebiwo ọtụtụ ebe a na-emepụta ihe.
Ebe a na-emepụta ihe na-ebu ụzọ jiri silica ájá kpuchiri ekpuchi ájá iji mepụta ọtụtụ nchara nchara na-eguzogide okpomọkụ. N'ihi oke ọkụ na-awụsa (1470-1550ºC), a na-emezigharị cores ájá ndị ahụ n'ụzọ dị mfe, na-ebute ihe ndị na-adịghị anabata ya na ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi ọkpọkọ. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-eme ka ájá silica na-eme mgbanwe mgbanwe nke okpomọkụ dị elu, n'ihi mmetụta nke ihe dị iche iche, ọ ka nwere ike imeri nrụrụ nke isi ájá na okpomọkụ dị elu, na-eme ka mgbanwe dị iche iche na-agbanwe na ọkpụrụkpụ nke mgbidi ọkpọkọ. , na n'ọnọdụ siri ike, a ga-ekpochapụ ya. Iji mee ka ike nke isi ájá dị mma ma na-achịkwa ọgbọ gas nke isi ájá, e kpebiri iji ájá kpuchie ájá ceramic. Mgbe ego nke resin agbakwunyere bụ 36% ala karịa nke silica ájá mkpuchi, ọnụ ụlọ ya okpomọkụ na-ehulata ike na thermal ekwe ike mụbara site 51% , 67%, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gas ọgbọ na-ebelata 20%, nke na-ezute na usoro chọrọ nke ike dị elu na obere gas ọgbọ.
Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-eji silica ájá mkpuchi ájá na seramiiki ájá na-ekpuchi ájá maka nkedo n'otu oge, mgbe ihichasị ihe nkedo ahụ, ha na-eduzi nyocha anụ ahụ.
Ọ bụrụ na isi bụ silica ájá mkpuchi mkpuchi, ihe nkedo nwere mgbidi na-enweghị isi na mgbidi dị mkpa, na ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi bụ 3.0-6.2 mm; mgbe a na-eji ájá seramiiki kpuchie isi ya, ọkpụkpụ mgbidi nke nkedo ahụ bụ otu, na mgbidi ahụ bụ 4.4-4.6 mm. dị ka foto a
ájá kpuchiri silica
ájá kpuchiri seramiiki
A na-eji ájá kpuchiri seramiiki mee ka cores, nke na-ewepụ ihe mgbaji ájá ájá, na-ebelata nrụrụ ájá, na-eme ka akụkụ nke ọma nke oghere dị n'ime oghere dị n'ime oghere nke ikuku iyuzucha, ma na-ebelata ájá na-arapara n'ime oghere dị n'ime, na-eme ka ọdịdị ya dịkwuo mma. nkedo na ngwaahịa emechara ọnụego wee nweta uru akụ na ụba dị ukwuu.
3. Ngwa nke ájá ceramic na ụlọ turbocharger
Okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ na njedebe turbine nke shei turbocharger na-agafekarị 600 Celsius, ụfọdụ na-erukwa elu dị ka 950-1050 Celsius. Ihe mkpuchi shei kwesịrị ịdị na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu ma nwee ezigbo ọrụ nkedo. Ihe owuwu nke shei ahụ na-agbakọ karịa, mgbidi mgbidi ahụ dị gịrịgịrị na otu, na oghere dị n'ime dị ọcha, wdg, na-achọsi ike. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị nkedo ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ (dị ka 1.4837 na 1.4849 nke ọkọlọtọ German DIN EN 10295), a na-ejikwa ígwè ductile na-eguzogide okpomọkụ (dị ka ọkọlọtọ German GGG SiMo, American). ọkọlọtọ elu-nickel austenitic nodular iron D5S, wdg).
A 1.8 T engine turbocharger ụlọ, ihe: 1.4837, ya bụ GX40CrNiSi 25-12, isi chemical mejupụtara (%): C: 0.3-0.5, Si: 1-2.5, Cr: 24-27, Mo: Max 0.5, Ni: 11 -14, wụsa okpomọkụ 1560 ℃. Alloy ahụ nwere ebe mgbaze dị elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke mbelata, ọchịchọ ịgbawa ọkụ siri ike, yana ihe siri ike nkedo dị elu. Ọdịdị metallographic nke nkedo ahụ nwere ihe ndị siri ike chọrọ na carbide fọdụrụnụ na ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla, na e nwekwara ụkpụrụ kpọmkwem maka ntụpọ nkedo. Iji hụ na ịdị mma na mmepụta ihe nkedo dị mma, usoro ịkpụzi na-anakwere nkedo bụ isi nke ejiri shei mkpuchi aja kpuchie ihe nkiri (na ụfọdụ igbe oyi na igbe igbe ọkụ). Na mbụ, a na-eji ájá na-ehichapụ AFS50, wee jiri ájá silica a ṅara n'ọkụ mee ihe, ma nsogbu ndị dị ka ájá ịrapagidesi ike, burrs, thermal cracks, na pores dị n'ime oghere dị n'ogo dị iche iche.
Na ndabere nke nyocha na nyocha, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kpebiri iji ájá seramiiki. Na mbụ zụtara ájá nwere mkpuchi (100% seramiiki ájá), wee zụta ihe nrụpụta na ihe mkpuchi, wee na-emezi usoro ahụ n'oge usoro mmepụta, jiri ájá seramiiki na ájá na-ehicha ihe iji gwakọta ájá ahịhịa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-emejuputa ájá a kpuchiri ekpuchi dị ka tebụl na-esonụ:
| Usoro ájá na-ekpuchi ájá seramiiki maka ụlọ turbocharger | ||||
| Nha aja | Ọnụego ájá ceramiiki% | Mgbakwụnye resin% | Ehulata ike MPa | Mpụta gas ml/g |
| AFS50 | 30-50 | 1.6-1.9 | 6.5-8 | ≤12 |
N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, usoro mmepụta nke osisi a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ịdị mma nke nkedo dị mma, na uru akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ịrịba ama. Nchikota a bu:
a. Iji ájá seramiiki, ma ọ bụ iji ngwakọta nke ájá seramiiki na ájá silica na-emepụta cores, na-ewepụ ntụpọ dị ka ịrapagidesi ájá ájá, nsị, veining, na ikpo ọkụ nke nkedo, ma chọpụta mmepụta nke kwụsiri ike na nke ọma;
b. Ihe nkedo isi, nrụpụta dị elu, oke aja na igwe dị ala (n'ozuzu ọ bụghị ihe karịrị 2: 1), obere ájá na-eri nri, yana ọnụ ala dị ala;
c. Ngwunye isi na-enyere aka n'ịrụgharị na imegharị ájá n'efu, a na-anabatakwa mmeghari okpomọkụ n'otu n'otu maka ịmaliteghachi. Ọrụ nke ájá emegharịrị eruola ọkwa nke ájá ọhụrụ maka ịchacha ájá, nke nwetara mmetụta nke ibelata ego ịzụta nke ájá ájá na ibelata mkpofu siri ike;
d. Ọ dị mkpa ka a na-enyocha ihe dị n'ime ájá ceramiiki ugboro ugboro n'ájá eweghachiri iji chọpụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ájá seramiiki ọhụrụ agbakwunyere;
e. Aja seramiiki nwere udi okirikiri, mma mmiri dị mma na nnukwu nkọwa. Mgbe agwakọta ya na silica ájá, ọ dị mfe ime ka nkewa. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ọ dị mkpa ka a gbanwee usoro ịgba égbè ájá;
f. Mgbe ị na-ekpuchi ihe nkiri ahụ, gbalịa iji resin phenolic dị elu, ma jiri nlezianya mee ihe mgbakwunye dị iche iche.
4. Ngwa nke seramiiki ájá na engine aluminum alloy cylinder isi
Iji mee ka ike ụgbọ ala dịkwuo mma, belata oriri mmanụ, belata mmetọ ikuku, ma chekwaa gburugburu ebe obibi, ụgbọ ala dị arọ bụ usoro mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji ihe nkedo aluminom eme ihe nkedo engine (gụnyere engine diesel) dị ka cylinder blocks na isi cylinder, yana usoro nkedo nke cylinder blocks na isi cylinder, mgbe ị na-eji cores ájá, ihe nkedo nke ígwè ike ndọda na obere nrụgide. nkedo (LPDC) bụ ndị nnọchi anya kacha.
Isi ájá ájá, ájá mkpuchi na usoro igbe oyi nke aluminom alloy cylinder block na ihe nkedo isi bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka njirimara mmepụta ihe dị elu na nnukwu. Usoro nke iji ájá seramiiki yiri mmepụta nke isi cylinder nke nkedo. N'ihi obere wụsa okpomọkụ na obere obere ike ndọda nke aluminom alloy, a na-ejikarị ájá dị ala dị ike, dị ka igbe ájá ájá dị n'ime ụlọ mmepụta ihe, ọnụ ọgụgụ resin agbakwunyere bụ 0.5-0.6%, na ike nkwụsị bụ. 0.8-1.2 MPa. A choro aja isi nwere ezigbo ndakota. Iji ájá seramiiki na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ resin agbakwunyere ma na-eme ka ọdịda nke isi ájá dịkwuo mma.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, iji mee ka gburugburu ebe mmepụta ihe dịkwuo mma ma melite ogo nke nkedo, a na-enwewanye nyocha na ngwa nke ihe nkedo inorganic (gụnyere iko mmiri gbanwere, phosphate binders, wdg). Foto dị n'okpuru ebe a bụ ebe a na-eme ihe nkedo nke ụlọ mmepụta ihe na-eji seramiiki ájá inorganic binder core sand aluminum alloy cylinder head.
Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-eji seramiiki ájá inorganic ihe nkedo na-eme ka isi, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe nkedo agbakwunyere bụ 1.8 ~ 2.2%. N'ihi ezigbo mmiri mmiri nke ájá seramiiki, isi ájá dị oke, elu ya zuru oke ma dị mma, ma n'otu oge ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgbọ gas dị ntakịrị, ọ na-eme ka mkpụrụ nke nkedo dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka nchịkọta nke isi ájá dịkwuo mma. , na-eme ka gburugburu mmepụta ihe dịkwuo mma, ma ghọọ ihe nlereanya nke mmepụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.
Ngwa nke ájá ceramic n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nkedo engine emeela ka mmepụta ihe dị mma, kwalite gburugburu ebe ọrụ, dozie ntụpọ nkedo, ma nweta uru akụ na ụba dị ukwuu na ezigbo uru gburugburu ebe obibi.
Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka injinia kwesịrị ịga n'ihu na-amụba mmeghari nke isi ájá, na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ájá seramiiki, ma belata ihe mkpofu siri ike.
Site n'echiche nke mmetụta ojiji na oke ojiji, ájá ceramiiki ugbu a bụ nkedo ájá pụrụ iche nwere arụmọrụ zuru oke kachasị mma yana oriri kachasị na ụlọ ọrụ nkedo injin.
Oge nzipu: Mar-27-2023
