Abstract: A mụrụ mmetụta nke usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị iche iche na arụmọrụ nke ihe ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo. The ule na-egosi na mgbe okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ na 1 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ isi tempering + 580 ℃ secondary tempering, ihe ruru kacha mma arụmọrụ index. Ihe owuwu ya bụ obere carbon martensite + mgbanwe mgbanwe austenite, nwere ike dị elu, ịdị ike dị ala na ike kwesịrị ekwesị. Ọ na-emezu ihe ndị chọrọ ịrụ ọrụ ngwaahịa na ntinye nke nnukwu agụba na-emepụta ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.
isiokwu: ZG06Cr13NI4Mo; martensitic igwe anaghị agba nchara; agụba
Nnukwu agụba bụ akụkụ dị mkpa na turbines hydropower. Ọnọdụ ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ dị oke njọ, a na-edokwa ha n'okpuru mmetụta dị elu nke mmiri na-asọ asọ, iyi na mmebi ruo ogologo oge. A na-ahọrọ ihe ahụ site na ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo martensitic igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere ezigbo ihe eji arụ ọrụ na nguzogide corrosion. Site na mmepe nke ike mmiri na ihe nkedo ndị metụtara ya n'ụzọ buru ibu, a na-etinye ihe ndị dị elu maka ịrụ ọrụ nke igwe anaghị agba nchara dịka ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo. Iji mezuo nke a, jikọtara ya na mmepụta nnwale nke ZG06C r13N i4M o nnukwu agụba nke a anụ ụlọ hydropower ngwá ụlọ ọrụ, site esịtidem akara nke ihe chemical mejupụtara, okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro ntụle ule na ule N'ihi analysis, kacha otu normalizing + okpukpu abụọ tempering okpomọkụ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ZG06C r13N i4M o igwe anaghị agba nchara ekpebisiri ike imepụta nkedo na-egbo mkpa arụmọrụ dị elu.
1 Njikwa ime nke ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ
ZG06C r13N i4M o ihe bụ elu-ike martensitic igwe anaghị agba nchara, nke a chọrọ ka nwere elu n'ibu Njirimara na ezi ala-okpomọkụ mmetụta siri ike. Iji meziwanye arụmọrụ nke ihe ahụ, a na-achịkwa ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ n'ime ya, na-achọ w (C) ≤ 0.04%, w (P) ≤ 0.025%, w (S) ≤ 0.08%, a na-achịkwa ọdịnaya gas. Tebụl 1 na-egosi usoro ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke njikwa ihe dị n'ime ya na nsonaazụ nyocha nke ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke ihe nlele ahụ, na Tebụl 2 na-egosi njikwa n'ime ihe dị n'ime gas ọdịnaya na nsonaazụ nyocha nke ihe nlele gas.
Tebụl 1 Ngwakọta kemịkalụ (oke ntakiri,%)
| mmewere | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo | Cu | Al |
| ọkọlọtọ chọrọ | ≤0.06 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.025 | 3.5-5.0 | 11.5-13.5 | 0.4-1.0 | ≤0.5 |
|
| Ngwa njikwa ime | ≤0.04 | 0.6-0.9 | 1.4-0.7 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.008 | 4.0-5.0 | 12.0-13.0 | 0.5-0.7 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.040 |
| Nyochaa nsonaazụ ya | 0.023 | 1.0 | 0.57 | 0.013 | 0,005 | 4.61 | 13.0 | 0.56 | 0.02 | 0,035 |
Tebụl 2 Ọdịnaya gas (ppm)
| gas | H | O | N |
| Achọrọ njikwa ime | ≤2.5 | ≤80 | ≤150 |
| Nyochaa nsonaazụ ya | 1.69 | 68.6 | 119.3 |
A gbazere ihe ZG06C r13N i4M o n'ime ọkụ eletrik 30 t, nụchara anụcha n'ọkụ 25T LF maka ịgbanye, na-edozi ihe mejupụtara ya na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, na decarburized na kpochapu n'ọkụ 25T VOD, si otú ahụ nweta nchara gbazere na carbon dị ala. Ngwakọta otu, ịdị ọcha dị elu, yana ọdịnaya gas na-emerụ ahụ dị ala. N'ikpeazụ, a na-eji waya aluminom mee ihe maka deoxidation ikpeazụ iji belata ọdịnaya oxygen na nchara a wụrụ awụ wee mee ka ọka ahụ dịkwuo mma.
2 Nnwale usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ
2.1 Atụmatụ ule
A na-eji ahụ nkedo ahụ dị ka ahụ nnwale, nha mgbochi ule bụ 70mm × 70mm × 230mm, na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke mbụ na-eme ka ọ dị nro. Mgbe consulting akwụkwọ, okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro parameters họrọ bụ: normalizing okpomọkụ 1 010 ℃, isi tempering okpomọkụ 590 ℃, 605 ℃, 620 ℃, secondary tempering okpomọkụ 580 ℃, na dị iche iche tempering Filiks e ji mee ihe atụ ule. Egosiri atụmatụ ule a na Tebụl 3.
Isiokwu 3 Atụmatụ ule ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ
| Atụmatụ nnwale | Usoro nyocha ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ | Ọrụ pilot |
| A1 | 1 010℃ Normalizing+620℃ Na-ewe iwe | Njirimara tensile na-emetụta ike ike HB na-ehulata Njirimara Microstructure |
| A2 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃ Ọkụ+580℃ Na-ekpo ọkụ | |
| B1 | 1 010℃ Normalizing+620℃ Na-ewe iwe | |
| B2 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃ Ọkụ+580℃ Na-ekpo ọkụ | |
| C1 | 1 010℃ Normalizing+620℃ Na-ewe iwe | |
| C2 | 1 010℃Normalizing+620℃ Ọkụ+580℃ Na-ekpo ọkụ |
2.2 Nyochaa nsonaazụ ule
2.2.1 Chemical mejupụtara analysis
Site na nsonaazụ nyocha nke ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ na ọdịnaya gas dị na tebụl 1 na tebụl 2, ihe ndị bụ isi na ọdịnaya gas dabara na njikwa njikwa ihe kachasị mma.
2.2.2 Nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule arụmọrụ
Mgbe ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị ka atụmatụ ule dị iche iche si dị, a na-eme nyocha nyocha nke akụrụngwa dịka GB/T228.1-2010, GB/T229-2007, na GB/T231.1-2009 ụkpụrụ. E gosipụtara nsonaazụ nnwale ahụ na Tebụl 4 na Tebụl 5.
Isiokwu 4 Mechanical Properties analysis nke dị iche iche usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ
| Atụmatụ nnwale | Rp0.2/Mpa | Rm/Mpa | A/％ | Z/％ | AKV/J (0℃) | Uru isi ike HBW |
| ọkọlọtọ | ≥550 | ≥750 | ≥15 | ≥35 | ≥50 | 210-290 |
| A1 | 526 | 786 | 21.5 | 71 | 168, 160, 168 | 247 |
| A2 | 572 | 809 | 26 | 71 | 142, 143, 139 | 247 |
| B1 | 588 | 811 | 21.5 | 71 | 153, 144, 156 | 250 |
| B2 | 687 | 851 | 23 | 71 | 172, 165, 176 | 268 |
| C1 | 650 | 806 | 23 | 71 | 147, 152, 156 | 247 |
| C2 | 664 | 842 | 23.5 | 70 | 147, 141, 139 | 263 |
Tebụl 5 na-ehulata ule
| Atụmatụ nnwale | Nnwale ịgbagọ (d=25,a=90°) | ntule |
| B1 | mgbape5.2 × 1.2mm | Ọdịda |
| B2 | Enweghị mgbawa | tozuru oke |
Site na ntụnyere na nyocha nke akụrụngwa akụrụngwa: (1) Normalizing + tempering okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, ihe nwere ike nweta mma n'ibu Njirimara, na-egosi na ihe nwere ezi hardenability. (2) Mgbe normalize okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, ike mkpụrụ ike na plasticity (elongation) nke abụọ tempering na-mma tụnyere otu tempering. (3) Site na nyocha na nyocha arụmọrụ na-ehulata, arụmọrụ na-ehulata nke B1 normalizing + otu usoro ule tempering erughị eru, yana arụmọrụ ule na-ehulata nke usoro ule B2 mgbe iwe ọkụ okpukpu abụọ ruru eru. (4) Site ntụnyere nke ule pụta nke 6 dị iche iche tempering okpomọkụ, na B2 usoro atụmatụ nke 1 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ otu tempering + 580 ℃ secondary tempering nwere kasị mma n'ibu Njirimara, na a mkpụrụ ike nke 687MPa, ihe elongation. nke 23%, mmetụta siri ike nke ihe karịrị 160J na 0 ℃, ike na-agafeghị oke nke 268HB, yana arụmọrụ ịgbagọ ruru eru, niile na-emezu ihe achọrọ arụmọrụ nke ihe ahụ.
2.2.3 Metallographic nhazi nhazi
A tụlere usoro nhazi nke ihe B1 na B2 dịka ọkọlọtọ GB/T13298-1991 siri dị. Ọgụgụ 1 na-egosi metallographic Ọdịdị nke normalizing + 605 ℃ mbụ tempering, na Figure 2 na-egosi metallographic Ọdịdị nke normalizing + mbụ tempering + nke abụọ tempering. Site na nyocha metallographic na nyocha, usoro bụ isi nke ZG06C r13N i4M o mgbe ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ gasịrị bụ obere carbon lath martensite + tụgharịa austenite. Site na nyocha ihe owuwu metallographic, ngwugwu lath martensite nke ihe ahụ mgbe iwe ọkụ mbụ gachara na-adị ogologo karịa. Mgbe nke abụọ tempering, matriks Ọdịdị na-agbanwe ubé, martensite Ọdịdị bụkwa ubé nụchara anụcha, na Ọdịdị bụ ọzọ edo; n'ihe gbasara arụmọrụ, a na-emezi ike mkpụrụ na plasticity ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.
Ọgụgụ 1 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo normalizing + otu microstructure na-ewe iwe ọkụ
Ọgụgụ 2 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo normalizing + ugboro abụọ tempering metallographic Ọdịdị
2.2.4 Nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule
1) Nnwale ahụ gosipụtara na ZG06C r13N i4M o ihe nwere ike siri ike. Site normalizing + tempering okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, ihe nwere ike nweta ezi n'ibu Njirimara; ike mkpụrụ na plastic Njirimara (elongation) nke abụọ temperings mgbe normalize okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ dị nnọọ elu karịa ndị nke otu tempering.
2) The ule analysis na-egosi na Ọdịdị nke ZG06C r13N i4M o mgbe normalizing bụ martensite, na Ọdịdị mgbe tempering bụ ala-carbon lath tempered martensite + tụgharịa austenite. Austenite a na-atụgharị na ihe owuwu dị ọkụ nwere nkwụsi ike dị elu ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na ihe eji arụ ọrụ, mmetụta mmetụta na nkedo na ịgbado ọkụ nke ihe onwunwe. Ya mere, ihe ahụ nwere ike dị elu, elu plastic siri ike, ike siri ike kwesịrị ekwesị, ezigbo nkwụsị mgbawa na nkedo dị mma na ịgbado ọkụ mgbe ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ gasịrị.
3) Nyochaa ihe kpatara mmụba nke arụmọrụ tempering nke abụọ nke ZG06C r13N i4M o. Mgbe normalize, kpo oku na okpomọkụ ichekwa, ZG06C r13N i4M o Form ezi-grained austenite mgbe austenitization, na mgbe ahụ na-agbanwe ghọọ ala-carbon martensite mgbe ngwa ngwa jụrụ. Na tempering nke mbụ, carbon supersaturated na martensite na-ebuli n'ụdị carbides, si otú ahụ belata ike nke ihe ahụ ma na-emeziwanye plasticity na ike nke ihe ahụ. N'ihi okpomọkụ dị elu nke mbụ tempering, nke mbụ tempering na-emepụta oké mma reverse austenite na mgbakwunye na tempered martensite. Ndị a reverse austenites na-tụgharịrị ghọọ martensite n'oge tempering jụrụ, na-enye ọnọdụ maka nucleation na uto nke kwụsiri ike reverse austenite eme ọzọ n'oge nke abụọ tempering usoro. Ebumnuche nke iwe ọkụ nke abụọ bụ iji nweta ezigbo austenite kwụsiri ike. Ndị a na-atụgharị austenites nwere ike ịmalite mgbanwe oge n'oge nrụrụ plastik, si otú a na-eme ka ike na plasticity nke ihe ahụ dịkwuo mma. N'ihi ọnọdụ ndị nwere oke, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịhụ na nyochaa austenite reverse, ya mere nnwale a kwesịrị iwere ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na microstructure dị ka isi ihe nyocha maka nyocha nyocha.
Ngwa mmepụta 3
ZG06C r13N i4M o bụ ihe nkedo igwe anaghị agba nchara na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Mgbe n'ezie mmepụta nke agụba na-rụrụ, na chemical mejupụtara na esịtidem akara chọrọ kpebisiri ike site nnwale, na okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro nke secondary normalizing + tempering na-eji maka mmepụta. A na-egosi usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na Figure 3. Ugbu a, mmepụta nke nnukwu mmiri mmiri 10 agwụla, na arụmọrụ ahụ ezutewo ihe onye ọrụ chọrọ. Ha agafeela nyochagharị onye ọrụ wee nweta nyocha nke ọma.
Maka njirimara nke eriri gbagọrọ agbagọ gbagwojuru anya, nnukwu akụkụ akụkụ, isi osisi siri ike, na nrụrụ dị mfe na mgbawa, ọ dị mkpa ka iwere usoro ụfọdụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ:
1) Isi aro dị ala na agụba dị elu. A na-anabata atụmatụ ịkwanye ọkụ ọkụ iji kwado nrụrụ kacha nta, dị ka egosiri na foto 4;
2) Gbaa mbọ hụ na enwere nnukwu oghere zuru oke n'etiti ihe nkedo na n'etiti ihe nkedo na ihe nkedo na ihe nkedo ígwè dị n'okpuru ala iji hụ na ọ dị jụụ, ma hụ na isi osisi siri ike na-ezute ihe nchọpụta ultrasonic;
3) A na-ekewa ọkwa ikpo ọkụ nke workpiece ọtụtụ ugboro iji belata nrụgide nhazi nke nkedo n'oge usoro ikpo ọkụ iji gbochie mgbawa.
Mmezu nke usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị n'elu na-eme ka ọ dị mma ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke agụba.
Ọgụgụ 3 ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo agụba usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ
Onyonyo 4 Amụma ikpo ọkụ usoro ikpo ọkụ agụba
4 Nkwubi okwu
1) Dabere na njikwa n'ime ime ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke ihe ahụ, site na nyocha nke usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, a na-ekpebi na usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke ZG06C r13N i4M o ihe dị elu nke igwe anaghị agba nchara bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ nke 1. 010 ℃ normalizing + 605 ℃ isi tempering + 580 ℃ secondary tempering, nke nwere ike hụ na n'ibu Njirimara, ala okpomọkụ mmetụta Njirimara na oyi ekwe Njirimara nke nkedo ihe izute ọkọlọtọ chọrọ.
2) ZG06C r13N i4M o ihe nwere ezigbo hardenability. The Ọdịdị mgbe normalizing + ugboro abụọ tempering okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ bụ ala-carbon lath martensite + reverse austenite na ezi arụmọrụ, nke nwere elu ike, elu plastic siri ike, kwesịrị ekwesị ekweghị ekwe, ezi mgbape eguzogide na ezi nkedo na ịgbado ọkụ arụmọrụ.
3) The okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ atụmatụ nke normalizing + ugboro abụọ tempering kpebisiri ike site nnwale na-etinyere na okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro mmepụta nke nnukwu agụba, na ihe onwunwe Njirimara niile izute onye ọrụ ọkọlọtọ chọrọ.
Oge nzipu: Jun-28-2024
