Ọrụ nke ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe na nkedo isi awọ
1.Carbon na silicon: Carbon na silicon bụ ihe ndị na-akwalite graphitization ike. Enwere ike iji ihe nhata carbon gosi mmetụta ha na nhazi metallographic na akụrụngwa nke igwe nkedo isi awọ. Ịbawanye nha carbon na-eme ka flakes graphite na-arị elu, na-abawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ, na ibelata ike na isi ike. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ibelata nha carbon nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke graphites, nụchaa graphite, ma mụbaa ọnụ ọgụgụ dendrites bụ isi, si otú ahụ na-emeziwanye ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ígwè nkedo isi awọ. Agbanyeghị, ibelata nha carbon ga-eduga mbelata arụmọrụ nkedo.
2.Manganese: Manganese n'onwe ya bụ ihe na-eme ka carbides guzosie ike ma na-egbochi graphitization. Ọ nwere mmetụta nke nkwụsi ike na imezi pearlite na nkedo isi awọ. Na nso nke Mn = 0.5% ruo 1.0%, ịba ụba nke manganese na-eme ka ike na ike dịkwuo mma.
3.Phosphorus: Mgbe ọdịnaya phosphorus dị na nkedo ígwè karịrị 0.02%, intergranular phosphorus eutectic nwere ike ime. Solubility nke phosphorus na austenite dị obere. Mgbe ígwè nkedo na-esiwanye ike, phosphorus na-anọgide na mmiri mmiri. Mgbe eutectic solidification fọrọ nke nta ka agwụcha, ihe fọdụrụ mmiri mmiri mejupụtara n'etiti otu eutectic dị nso na ternary eutectic mejupụtara (Fe-2%, C-7%, P). Nke a mmiri mmiri frasi solidifies na banyere 955 ℃. Mgbe ígwè nkedo na-esiwanye ike, molybdenum, chromium, tungsten na vanadium na-ekewa n'ime usoro mmiri mmiri nwere phosphorus, na-abawanye ụba nke eutectic phosphorus. Mgbe ọdịnaya nke phosphorus dị na nkedo dị elu, na mgbakwunye na mmetụta ọjọọ nke eutectic nke phosphorus n'onwe ya, ọ ga-ebelatakwa ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe dị na metal matrix, si otú ahụ na-ebelata mmetụta nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe. Mmiri mmiri eutectic nke phosphorus bụ ihe na-egbuke egbuke na gburugburu otu eutectic nke na-eme ka ọ sie ike ma na-eto eto, ọ na-esikwa ike imeju ya n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ siri ike, na nkedo na-enwekarị ọchịchọ ịdalata.
4.Sulfur: Ọ na-ebelata mmiri nke ígwè a wụrụ awụ ma na-eme ka ihe nkedo na-agbawa ọkụ. Ọ bụ ihe na-emerụ ahụ na nkedo. Ya mere, ọtụtụ ndị na-eche na ala nke sọlfọ ọdịnaya, mma. N'ezie, mgbe ọdịnaya sọlfọ dị ≤0.05%, ụdị nkedo a anaghị arụ ọrụ maka inoculant nkịtị anyị na-eji. Ihe kpatara ya bụ na inoculation na-ere ngwa ngwa, na ntụpọ ọcha na-apụtakarị na nkedo.
5.Ọla kọpa: Ọla kọpa bụ ihe a na-agbakwụnyekarị alloying element na mmepụta ígwè nkedo isi awọ. Isi ihe kpatara ya bụ na ọla kọpa nwere ebe mgbaze dị ala (1083 ℃), ọ dị mfe ịgbaze, ma nwee mmetụta dị mma. Ikike eserese nke ọla kọpa dị ihe dị ka 1/5 nke silicon, yabụ ọ nwere ike belata ọdịdị nke nkedo iji nwee nkedo ọcha. N'otu oge ahụ, ọla kọpa nwekwara ike belata okpomọkụ dị egwu nke mgbanwe austenite. Ya mere, ọla kọpa nwere ike ịkwalite nhazi pearlite, mee ka ọdịnaya nke pearlite dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka pearlite dị ọcha ma mee ka pearlite na ferrite dị ike n'ime ya, si otú ahụ na-amụba ike na ike nke ígwè nkedo. Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọla kọpa, ka mma. Ọnụ ego ọla kọpa kwesịrị ekwesị agbakwunyere bụ 0.2% ruo 0.4%. Mgbe ị na-agbakwunye nnukwu ọla kọpa, ịtinye tin na chromium n'otu oge na-emerụ ahụ maka ịrụ ọrụ ịkpụ. Ọ ga-eme ka a na-emepụta nnukwu ihe owuwu sorbite na nhazi matrix.
6.Chromium: Mmetụta alloying nke chromium na-esiwanye ike, ọkachasị n'ihi na mgbakwunye nke chromium na-eme ka igwe mgbaze na-enwe nkedo na-acha ọcha, nkedo na-adịkwa mfe ịlalata, na-ebute n'efu. Ya mere, ekwesịrị ịchịkwa ọnụọgụ chromium. N'otu aka ahụ, a na-atụ anya na ígwè a wụrụ awụ nwere ụfọdụ chromium iji meziwanye ike na ike nke nkedo; N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-achịkwa chromium nke ọma na njedebe dị ala iji gbochie nkedo ahụ ka ọ ghara ịdaba ma mee ka mmụba nke nkwụsịtụ. Ahụmahụ ọdịnala na-ekwusi ike na mgbe ọdịnaya chromium nke ígwè mbụ a wụrụ awụ karịrị 0.35%, ọ ga-enwe mmetụta na-egbu egbu na nkedo ahụ.
7. Molybdenum: Molybdenum bụ ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na pearlite siri ike. Ọ nwere ike nụchaa graphite. Mgbe ωMo<0.8%, molybdenum nwere ike imezi pearlite ma mee ka ferrite dị na pearlite sie ike, si otú a na-emeziwanye ike na ike nke ígwè nkedo.
A ga-ahụrịrị ọtụtụ okwu na nkedo isi awọ
1. Ịbawanye ikpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ ịgbatị oge njide nwere ike ime ka cores heterogeneous dị na mgbaze na-apụ n'anya ma ọ bụ belata irè ha, na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọka austenite.
2.Titanium nwere mmetụta nke nchacha isi austenite na nkedo isi awọ. N'ihi na titanium carbides, nitrides, na carbonitrides nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndabere maka austenite nucleation. Titanium nwere ike ịbawanye isi nke austenite ma nụchaa ọka austenite. N'aka nke ọzọ, mgbe ihe karịrị Ti dị na ígwè a wụrụ awụ, S dị na ígwè ahụ ga-emeghachi omume na Ti kama Mn iji mepụta ihe TiS. Isi graphite nke TiS adịghị arụ ọrụ dị ka nke MnS. Ya mere, nhazi nke eutectic graphite core na-egbu oge, si otú ahụ na-abawanye oge mmiri ozuzo nke isi austenite. Vanadium, chromium, aluminum, na zirconium yiri titanium n'ihi na ha dị mfe ịmepụta carbide, nitrides, na carbonitrides, ma nwee ike ịghọ austenite cores.
3.E nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na mmetụta nke inoculants dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụyọkọ eutectic, nke a na-ahazi n'usoro a: CaSi> ZrFeSi> 75FeSi> BaSi> SrFeSi. FeSi nwere Sr ma ọ bụ Ti nwere mmetụta adịghị ike na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụyọkọ eutectic. Inoculants nwere ala ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na-enwe mmetụta kachasị mma, na mmetụta dị ịrịba ama karịa mgbe agbakwunyere ya na Al na N. Ferrosilicon nwere Al na Bi nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụyọkọ eutectic.
4. Mkpụrụ nke graphite-austenite abụọ-phase symbiotic ibu kpụrụ na graphite nuclei dị ka etiti a na-akpọ eutectic ụyọkọ. Mkpokọta graphite submicroscopic, ụmụ irighiri ihe graphite na-agbazeghị agbaze, alaka flake graphite bụ isi, ogige mgbaze dị elu na ntinye gas nke dị na igwe a wụrụ awụ ma nwee ike ịbụ cores nke eutectic graphite bụkwa isi nke ụyọkọ eutectic. Ebe ọ bụ na eutectic nucleus bụ mmalite nke uto nke ụyọkọ eutectic, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụyọkọ eutectic na-egosipụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cores nke nwere ike itolite na graphite na mmiri mmiri eutectic. Ihe na-emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụyọkọ eutectic gụnyere ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ, isi ọnọdụ nke ígwè a wụrụ awụ na ọnụego jụrụ oyi.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke carbon na silicon na ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nwere mmetụta dị mkpa. Ka carbon ha na-adị nso bụ ihe eutectic mejupụtara, ka enwere ọtụtụ ụyọkọ eutectic. S bụ ihe ọzọ dị mkpa na-emetụta ụyọkọ eutectic nke ígwè nkedo isi awọ. Ọdịnaya sọlfọ dị ala adịghị akwado ịba ụba ụyọkọ eutectic, n'ihi na sulfide dị na ígwè a wụrụ awụ bụ ihe dị mkpa nke isi graphite. Na mgbakwunye, sọlfọ nwere ike ibelata ike interfacial n'etiti heterogeneous isi na agbaze, nke mere na ọtụtụ cores nwere ike rụọ ọrụ. Mgbe W (S) na-erughị 0.03%, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụyọkọ eutectic na-ebelata nke ukwuu, mmetụta nke inoculation na-ebelata.
Mgbe ọnụọgụ nke Mn dị n'ime 2%, ọnụọgụ Mn na-abawanye, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụyọkọ eutectic na-abawanye otu ahụ. Nb dị mfe ịmepụta carbon na nitrogen ogige n'ime ígwè a wụrụ awụ, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka graphite isi iji mụbaa ụyọkọ eutectic. Ti na V na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụyọkọ eutectic n'ihi na vanadium na-ebelata mkpokọta carbon; titanium na-ejide S na MnS na MgS n'ụzọ dị mfe iji mepụta titanium sulfide, na ikike nuclei ya adịghị arụ ọrụ dị ka MnS na MgS. N na ígwè a wụrụ awụ na-abawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụyọkọ eutectic. Mgbe ọdịnaya N erughị 350 x10-6, ọ pụtaghị ìhè. Mgbe ọ gafechara uru ụfọdụ, ịdị jụụ na-abawanye, si otú a na-abawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụyọkọ eutectic. Oxygen dị na ígwè a wụrụ awụ na-emepụta ngwa ngwa dị iche iche oxide inclusions dị ka cores, ya mere ka ikuku oxygen na-abawanye, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eutectic ụyọkọ na-abawanye. Na mgbakwunye na ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ, isi ọnọdụ nke eutectic gbazere bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta. Idobe okpomọkụ dị elu na ikpo ọkụ ruo ogologo oge ga-eme ka isi ihe mbụ na-apụ n'anya ma ọ bụ ibelata, belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eutectic clusters, ma mụbaa dayameta. Ọgwụgwọ inoculation nwere ike imeziwanye steeti isi ma mee ka ọnụọgụ eutectic dị elu. Ọnụọgụgụ jụrụ oyi nwere mmetụta doro anya na ọnụọgụ nke ụyọkọ eutectic. Ka ọ na-adị ngwa ngwa, ka ụyọkọ eutectic na-enwekwu.
5.The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eutectic ụyọkọ kpọmkwem na-egosipụta ọkpụrụkpụ nke eutectic grains. N'ozuzu, ezi ọka nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ọla. N'okpuru nhazi nke otu ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ na ụdị graphite, ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụyọkọ eutectic na-abawanye, ike na-abawanye, n'ihi na mpempe akwụkwọ graphite dị na ụyọkọ eutectic na-adịwanye mma ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eutectic ụyọkọ na-abawanye, nke na-abawanye ike. Agbanyeghị, na mmụba nke ọdịnaya silicon, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eutectic otu na-abawanye nke ukwuu, mana ike na-ebelata kama; ike nke nkedo na-abawanye site na mmụba nke oke okpomọkụ (ruo 1500 ℃), mana n'oge a, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eutectic otu na-ebelata nke ukwuu. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti iwu mgbanwe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eutectic dị iche iche kpatara site na ọgwụgwọ inoculation ogologo oge na mmụba nke ike anaghị enwe mgbe niile otu ihe ahụ. Ike enwetara site na ọgwụgwọ inoculation na FeSi nwere Si na Ba dị elu karịa nke enwetara na CaSi, mana ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eutectic otu nke nkedo dị obere karịa nke CaSi. Site na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eutectic otu, mbelata ọchịchọ nke nkedo na-abawanye. Iji gbochie guzobe shrinkage na obere akụkụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eutectic otu kwesịrị ịchịkwa n'okpuru 300 ~ 400 / cm2.
6. Ịgbakwunye ihe ndị na-emepụta alloy (Cr, Mn, Mo, Mg, Ti, Ce, Sb) na-akwalite supercooling na graphitized inoculants nwere ike imeziwanye ogo nke supercooling nke ígwè nkedo, nụchaa ọka, mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke austenite dịkwuo elu ma kwalite nhazi nke ihe nkedo. pearlite. The kwukwara elu-arụ ọrụ ọcha (Te, Bi, 5b) nwere ike adsorbed n'elu graphite nuclei iji belata graphite uto na ibelata graphite size, iji nweta nzube nke melite keukwu n'ibu Njirimara, na-eme ka uniformity, na-amụba nhazi nhazi. E tinyela ụkpụrụ a n'ọrụ mmepụta nke ígwè nkedo carbon dị elu (dị ka akụkụ breeki).
Oge nzipu: Jun-05-2024
